Amsir Law Journal

Perlindungan Konstitusional terhadap Hak Atas Pendidikan Masyarakat Penghayat Kepercayaan di Jepara

Nilna Elmuna — 2024-04-30

Indonesia as a multicultural country has a variety of racial, ethnic, cultural, and other diversity. Indigenous faiths is one of the diversity of religions or beliefs that need to be recognized. After the Constitutional Court Decision Number 97/PUU-XIV/2016, believers feel that their rights have been recognized by the state. However, in terms of education there is still discrimination such as the portion of learning for their beliefs as indigenous faiths. This research focuses on two things, namely the implementation of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System and school policies related to discrimination against Sapta Darma, Subud, and Kapribaden believers in Jepara Regency. The method used in this research is socio-legal by analyzing and examining the effectiveness of laws and regulations in community interaction. An understanding of several studies and theories provides two discussion results. First, the Office of Education of Jepara Regency still pays less attention to the rights of indigenous faith students in terms of the learning portion. Second, school policies are not sufficient in suppressing the potential for discrimination against students of indigenous faiths. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that with the existence of state protection for indigenous faiths, the government is obliged to protect their constitutional rights. The need for policies from the Office of Education of Jepara Regency in the field of education to fulfill constitutional rights that are able to suppress the potential for discrimination for students of indigenous faiths.

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Referensi

Buku dengan penulis:

Purwanda, S. (2018). Pendidikan Pancasila (Cetakan Kedua). Parepare: Sampan Institute.

Artikel jurnal:

Alfansyur, A., & Mariyani, M. (2020). Seni Mengelola Data: Penerapan Triangulasi Teknik, Sumber dan Waktu pada Penelitian Pendidikan Sosial. Historis: Jurnal Kajian, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Sejarah, 5(2), 146-150.

Cerdas, F. A., & Afandi, H. (2019). Jaminan Perlindungan Hak Pilih dan Kewajiban Negara Melindungi Hak Pilih Warga Negara dalam Konstitusi (Kajian Kritis Pemilu Serentak 2019). Sasi, 25(1), 72-83.

Dewantara, A. W. (2019). Bhinneka Tunggal Ika Sebagai Model Multikulturalisme Khas Indonesia. Seminar Nasional Keindonesiaan (FPIPSKR), IV, 396-404.

Gunawan, S., Wardhani, L. C., & Surya, F. A. (2023). Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016 terhadap Hak Konstitusional Penghayat Kepercayaan di Kecamatan Mayong Kabupaten Jepara. Jurnal Suara Keadilan, 24(2), 93-103.

Harsyahwardhana, S. (2020). Akibat Hukum Putusan MK No. 97/PUU-XIV/2016 tentang Judicial Review UU Administrasi Kependudukan Terhadap Penghayat Aliran Kepercayaan. Arena Hukum, 13(2), 369-387.

Jufri, M. (2017). Nuansa Maqhasid Al-Syariah Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia. Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum, 14(1), 1-14.

Karmila, K., Fauziah, N., Safira, E., Sadikin, M. N. A., & Wardhana, K. E. (2021). Diskriminasi Pendidikan di Indonesia. EDUCASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran, 6(3), 191-203.

Munif, A. (2018). Potret Masyarakat Multikultural di Indonesia. Journal Multicultural of Islamic Education, 2(1), 1-10.

Mustapa, D. I., Purwanda, S., & Ambarwati, A. (2023). Pemenuhan Hak Khusus bagi Narapidana Perempuan Hamil yang Menjalani Masa Tunggu Hukuman Mati Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023. Dinamika Hukum, 24(2), 258-265.

Purwanda, S., & Syahril, M. A. F. (2021). Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Negara melalui Pemerataan Buku Bacaan ke Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar. JUSTISI, 7(2), 155-166.

Purwanda, S., & Wulandari, A. S. R. (2023). Socio-Legal Studies: Methodical Implications of Legal Development in Indonesia. Al-'Adl, 16(2), 152-163.

Puspitasari, R., Dewi, D. A., & Furnamasari, Y. F. (2021). Hak Asasi Manusia untuk Kebebasan Beragama. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 5(3), 7304-7309.

Rohmah, S., Tohari, I., & Kholish, M. A. (2020). Menakar Urgensi dan Masa Depan Legislasi Fiqih Produk Halal di Indonesia: Antara Otoritarianisme Mayoritas dan Jaminan Konstitusional Mayoritas Muslim. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 14(2), 177-190.

Rosyid, M., & Kushidayati, L. (2020). Pelayanan Pendidikan Penghayat Sapta Darma di Sekolah Formal: Studi Kasus di Kudus. Jurnal Hukum Progresif, 8(1), 81-97.

Siregar, G. T., Silaban, R., & Gustiranda, P. (2020). Kebangkitan Hak-Hak Sipil Penghayat Kepercayaan Parmalim Pasca Pasal 61 Ayat (1) Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 97/PUU-XIV/2016 di Kota Medan. Jurnal Rectum: Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, 2(2), 75-84.

Sulaiman, S. (2018). Problem Pelayanan terhadap Kelompok Penghayat Kepercayaan di Pati, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi), 4(2), 207-220.

Viri, K., & Febriany, Z. (2020). Dinamika Pengakuan Penghayat Kepercayaan di Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society, 2(2), 97-112.

Zakiyah, Z. (2018). Pendidikan Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa: Pemenuhan Hak Siswa Penghayat di Sekolah. Penamas, 31(2), 397-418.

World Wide Web:

Romanti. (2023). Penghayat Kepercayaan di Indonesia: Pemeliharaan Warisan Budaya dan Harmoni Kehidupan Beragama. Diakses dari laman: https://itjen.kemdikbud.go.id/web/penghayat-kepercayaan-di-indonesia-pemeliharaan-warisan-budaya-dan-harmoni-kehidupan-beragama/

Ketimpangan Relasi Kuasa Dalam Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi

Muh Iksan Saputra — 2024-04-30

This research aims to identify the role of institutional hierarchies, social norms, and power imbalances in facilitating sexual violence in higher education and provide a solid foundation for the development of effective prevention and response strategies. The research involved analyzing institutional policies and practices with the aim of reducing unequal power relations and preventing sexual violence in academic settings. The research method involved an in-depth literature review using various reference sources such as books, scholarly journals, experts’ legal views, and relevant legislation. The main focus of this research is to understand the causal factors of sexual violence in higher education and formulate effective prevention strategies. Sexual violence in higher education has a profound impact physically, psychologically, emotionally, and socially. This research highlights unequal power relationships, the need for identification of causal factors, strict policy implementation, collaboration, and awareness through education to create a safer and fairer environment. Students’ lack of understanding of sexual harassment can hinder critical action, and the “iceberg” phenomenon emphasizes the importance of raising awareness of the issue. With a deep understanding of power dynamics, prevention strategies can shape a safer and more equitable academic environment. Unequal power relations play a major role in amplifying sexual violence.

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Referensi

Buku dengan penulis:

Syam, N. (2010). Agama Pelacur; Dramaturgi Transendental. Yogyakarta: LKIS Pelangi Aksara.

Artikel jurnal:

Alpian, R. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Pidana terhadap Tindak Kekerasan Seksual di Dalam Institusi Perguruan Tinggi. Lex Renaissance, 7(1), 69-83.

Elindawati, R. (2021). Perspektif Feminis Dalam Kasus Perempuan sebagai Korban Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. AL-WARDAH: Jurnal Kajian Perempuan, Gender dan Agama, 15(2), 181-193.

Fitri, A., Haekal, M., Almukarramah, A., & Sari, F. M. (2022). Sexual Violence in Universities in Indonesia: Between Student Negation and Resistance. Kafaah: Journal of Gender Studies, 12(2), 106-122.

Fitriyanti, E., & Suharyati, H. (2023). Pelecehan Seksual Fisik di Perguruan Tinggi: Tinjauan terhadap Faktor Penyebab, Dampak, dan Strategi Kebijakan sebagai Upaya Pencegahan. Sosio e-Kons, 15(2), 178-195.

Irianto, S. (2021). Power Relations and Sexual Violence on the Campus. Jurnal Perempuan, 26(2), 135-141.

Israpil, I. (2017). Budaya Patriarki dan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Sejarah dan Perkembangannya). Pusaka, 5(2), 141-150.

Miele, C., Maquigneau, A., Joyal, C. C., Bertsch, I., Gangi, O., Gonthier, H., ... & Lacambre, M. (2023). International Guidelines for the Prevention of Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review and Perspective of WHO, UN Women, UNESCO, and UNICEF's PUBLICATIONS. Child Abuse & Neglect, 146, 106497.

Miraviori, A. D. S. (2018). Ruang yang Dibenturkan: Membaca Absurditas Tiga Naskah Drama Afrizal Malna. Jurnal Seni Nasional Cikini, 3(3), 23-34.

Purwanda, S. (2020). The Existence of the Right to Books for Frontier, Outermost and Disadvantaged Regions as Part of the Right to Enjoy Education. JL Pol'y & Globalization, 95, 42.

Purwanda, S., Bakhtiar, H. S., Miqat, N., Nur, R., & Patila, M. (2022). Formal Procedure Versus Victim's Interest: Antinomy of Handling Sexual Violence Cases in East Luwu. Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist, 6(2), 116-122.

Purwanda, S., & Dewi, M. N. K. (2020). The Effects of Monism and Pluralism on Legal Development of a Nation. Amsir Law Journal, 2(1), 21-26.

Puspytasari, H. H. (2022). Pemahaman Mahasiswa Terhadap Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya, 28(1), 123-132.

Rakhmawati, D., Maulida, D., & Yuliejantiningsih, Y. (2022). Pembanjiran Informasi, Asertivitas Seksual dan Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application, 11(2), 75-82.

Rohima, S., Saleh, S., & Pertiwi, R. (2023). Sosialisasi Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Pada Perguruan Tinggi di Kota Palembang. Sricommerce: Journal of Sriwijaya Community Services, 4(1), 49-60.

Rusyidi, B., Bintari, A., & Wibowo, H. (2019). Pengalaman dan Pengetahuan tentang Pelecehan Seksual: Studi Awal di Kalangan Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi (Experience and Knowledge on Sexual Harassment: A Preliminary Study Among Indonesian University Students). Share: Social Work Journal, 9(1), 75-85.

Saripudin, U., Nurlaeli, S., & Fatriany, F. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi berdasarkan UU TPKS. VARIA HUKUM, 4(2), 65-79.

Sumintak, S., & Idi, A. (2022). Analisis Relasi Kuasa Michel Foucault: Studi Kasus Fenomena Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Intelektualita: Keislaman, Sosial dan Sains, 11(1), 55-61.

Supriansyah, S. (2023). Konstruksi Remaja Perempuan Urban di Film Indonesia Kontemporer: Antara Gender, Seksualitas, dan Agama. Muadalah, 11(1), 27-42.

Umar, T. M. (2005). Propaganda Feminisme dan Perubahan Sosial. Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi, 6(2), 205-214.

Van der Bruggen, M., & Grubb, A. (2014). A Review of the Literature Relating to Rape Victim Blaming: An Analysis of the Impact of Observer and Victim Characteristics on Attribution of Blame in Rape Cases. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 523-531.

Zahir, F. I., & Saputra, S. A. (2024). Upaya Pencegahan Tindak Kekerasan Seksual pada Perempuan Berbasis Buku Panduan. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Psikologi, 1(2), 50-58.

World Wide Web:

Ahdiat, A. (2023). Kampus, Lingkungan Pendidikan dengan Kekerasan Seksual Terbanyak. Diakses dari laman: https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2023/12/20/kampus-lingkungan-pendidikan-dengan-kekerasan-seksual-terbanyak

Ajie, M. T., & Romanti, R. (2021). Mendikbudristek: Ada Darurat Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi! Diakses dari laman: https://itjen.kemdikbud.go.id/web/mendikbudristek-ada-darurat-kekerasan-seksual-di-lingkungan-perguruan-tinggi/

Departemen Riset Statista. (2023). Persepsi tentang Alasan Terjadinya Kekerasan Seksual di Indonesia Tahun 2020. Diakses dari laman: https://www-statista-com.translate.goog/statistics/1250314/indonesia-perception-on-causes-of-sexual-assaults/?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=id&_x_tr_hl=id&_x_tr_pto=tc

Dianti, T. (2021). Regulasi Dinilai Tak Cukup Redam Kekerasan Seksual di Kampus. Diakses dari laman: https://www.dw.com/id/kekerasan-seksual-di-kampus/a-59838953

LM Psikologi. (2022). Kekerasan Seksual di Kampus. Diakses dari laman: https://lm.psikologi.ugm.ac.id/2022/05/kekerasan-seksual-di-kampus/

Putri, W. F. I. (2021). Kekerasan Seksual di Kampus Bagai Fenomena Gunung Es. Diakses dari laman: https://www.medcom.id/nasional/peristiwa/RkjWxeRK-kekerasan-seksual-di-kampus-bagai-fenomena-gunung-es

Komodifikasi Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia melalui Ikhtiar Aktivisme Yudisial

Syafa’at Anugrah Pradana — 2024-04-30

This paper examines the idea of adding the authority of the Constitutional Court of Republic Indonesia to examine draft laws against the constitution of the basic law with a mechanism called judicial preview. This paper aims to examine the involvement of the judiciary, in this case the Constitutional Court, in the law-making process. This paper is a measure of the involvement of the Constitutional Court in the expansion of authority by examining the constitution against the draft law. The type of research used is library research in the form of normative research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results obtained found that the existence of the Constitutional Court as the sole interpreter of the constitution shows that the involvement of the Constitutional Court in the law-making process has the potential to improve the quality and constitutionality of the draft law. In terms of functions and main tasks, the Constitutional Court can participate in the law-making process. The Constitutional Court is actually present as a judiciary activism that bases its function as a counter-majoritarian. Therefore, efforts to improve the principle of constitutional supremacy can be realized through input for future improvements.

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Referensi

Buku dengan penulis:

Ali, A. (2009). Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) dan Teori Peradilan (Judicialprudence) termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang (Legisprudence). Jakarta: Kencana.

Asshiddiqie, J. (2015). Konstitusi Bernegara: Praksis Kenegaraan Bermartabat dan Demokratis. Malang: Setara Press.

Atmadja, I. D. G. (2010). Hukum Konstitusi: Problematika Konstitusi Indonesia Sesudah Perubahan UUD 1945. Malang: Setara Press.

Black, H. C. (1910). Law Dictionary (p. 1147). St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Company.

Isra, S. (2010). Menguatnya Model Legislasi Parlementer Dalam Sistem Presidensial Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Junaidi, M. (2018). Hukum Konstitusi: Pandangan dan Gagasan Modernisasi Negara Hukum. Depok: Rajawali Pers.

Saebani, B. A. (2016). Perbandingan Hukum Tata Negara. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.

Stone, G. R., Seidman, L. M., Sunstein, C. R., Tushnet, M. V., Karlan, P. S., Huq, A., & Litman, L. M. (2023). Constitutional Law. Boston: Aspen Publishing.

Thaib, D., Hamidi, J., & Huda, N. (2011). Teori dan Hukum Konstitusi. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Artikel jurnal:

Akmal, D. U., Muin, F., & Karsa, P. L. (2020). Prospect of Judicial Preview in the Constitutional Court Based on the Construction of Constitutional Law. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 8(3), 609-626.

Ali, M. (2010). Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Penafsiran Hukum yang Progresif. Jurnal Konstitusi, 7(1), 067-090.

Ardiansyah, M. K. (2020). Pembaruan Hukum oleh Mahkamah Agung dalam mengisi Kekosongan Hukum Acara Perdata di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 14(2), 361-384.

Asy’Ari, S., Hilipito, M. R., & Ali, M. M. (2013). Model dan Implementasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang (Studi Putusan Tahun 2003-2012). Jurnal Konstitusi, 10(4), 675-708.

Barroso, L. R. (2019). Countermajoritarian, Representative, and Enlightened: The Roles of Constitutional Courts in Democracies. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 67(1), 109-143.

Gaffar, J. M. (2013). Peran Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia terkait Penyelenggaraan Pemilu. Jurnal Konstitusi, 10(1), 1-32.

Hoesein, Z. A. (2012). Pembentukan Hukum dalam Perspektif Pembaruan Hukum. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 1(3), 307-327.

Kaimudin, A. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Tenaga Kerja Anak Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia. Jurnal Yurispruden, 2(1), 37-50.

Manurung, O., Lubis, M. Y., & Affan, I. (2021). Tinjauan Yuridis Pancasila sebagai Staatfundamentalnorm Dalam Menghadapi Kapitalisme Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012. Jurnal Ilmiah METADATA, 3(2), 490-507.

Perwira, I. (2016). Refleksi Fenomena Judicialization of Politics pada Politik Hukum Pembentukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi, 13(1), 25-47.

Pratama, H. M., & Perdana, A. (2021). Judicialization of Politics in Indonesia’s Electoral System Case Study: Judicial Review on Threshold, Balloting Structure, and Simultaneous Election at Constitutional Court. Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review, 6(1), 90-110.

Prianto, W. (2024). Analisis Hierarki Perundang-Undangan berdasarkan Teori Norma Hukum oleh Hans Kelsen dan Hans Nawiasky. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 08-19.

Purwanda, S., & Dewi, M. N. K. (2020). The Effects of Monism and Pluralism on Legal Development of a Nation. Amsir Law Journal, 2(1), 21-26.

Qamar, N. (2012). Kewenangan Judicial Review Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Konstitusi, 1(01), 1-15.

Setiadi, W., Sadiawati, D., Meliala, A. J., Bakhtiar, H. S., & Harefa, B. (2021). The Role of Indonesia Constitutional Court Decision in the Process of Establishing the Law: A Case Study in the Process of Establishing the Law on General Elections. J. Legal Ethical & Regul. Isses, 24, 1.

Soeroso, F. L. (2016). Pembaruan Hukum Acara Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan di Bawah Undang-Undang. Kajian, 19(4), 327-347.

Soraya, A., Purwanda, S., & Taufik, M. (2023). Perbandingan Pengaturan Hukum Dalam KUHP Lama dan Baru bagi Anak yang menjadi Korban Perdagangan Orang. Dinamika Hukum, 24(2), 250-257.

Sukmawan, D. I., & Pratama, S. (2023). Critical Review of the Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Presidential Threshold: Tinjauan Kritis mengenai Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Ambang Batas Pencalonan Presiden. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(4), 556-575.

Wicaksono, I. (2019). Optimalisasi Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Nasional dengan Model Preventive Review. Majalah Hukum Nasional, 49(1), 91-116.

Yulianto, A. (2020). Judicial Preview sebagai Mekanisme Penakaran Konstitusionalitas Rancangan Undang-Undang. JIL: Journal of Indonesian Law, 1(1), 1-34.

Yulida, D., Herawati, R., & Indarja, I. (2021). Perluasan Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Menguji Konstitusionalitas Rancangan Undang-Undang Pengesahan Perjanjian Internasional melalui Judicial Preview. Diponegoro Law Journal, 10(2), 342-354.

World Wide Web:

Luxiana, K.M., (2023). 15 Permohonan Judicial Review UU Dikabulkan MK Sepanjang 2022. Diakses dari laman: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6736080/15-permohonan-judicial-review-uu-dikabulkan-mk-sepanjang-2022

Enforcement of Election Law: A Review of Black Campaigning Through Social Media

Sultoni Fikri — 2024-04-30

The establishment of a democratic state necessitates the active involvement of its citizens, primarily achieved through participation in political affairs, notably through general elections. Integral to elections are the campaigns, inherently entwined with concrete instances where strategies are implemented to undermine opponents. These campaigns, known as "Black Campaigns," involve the use of malicious and unethical tactics aimed at discrediting political adversaries. One prevalent method is the dissemination of false information, leading to slander and the erosion of the targeted election participants' dignity, reputation, and honor. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of election legislation and the management of negative political campaigns disseminated through social media platforms. Utilizing normative legal research methodologies, the study draws on secondary data sources, including laws, regulations, legal principles, and relevant doctrines. The research reveals that black campaigns are explicitly addressed in Articles 280 of Law No. 7/2017 and 69 of Law No. 1/2015. These laws categorize black campaigns as prohibited actions, encompassing insults, instigations, and threats against individuals. In the event of a malicious campaign on social media, the provisions outlined in Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law No. 19/2016 are to be enforced. To address the issue of black campaigns on social media, effective countermeasures are proposed. Proactive measures include promoting media literacy and fostering collaboration among relevant institutions. Additionally, repressive measures involve imposing legal penalties on individuals engaging in black campaigns on social media platforms.