Perlindungan Hukum Debitur atas Jaminan Tanah dalam Pinjaman Online: Studi tentang Prinsip Legalitas Utang di Era Digital

Abstract

This study discusses the legal protection of debtors for land collateral in online loan transactions in the digital era. Using normative legal methods, this study analyzes related laws, doctrines, and practices to identify the main challenges faced by debtors, such as the validity of electronic documents, weak supervision of illegal platforms, and minimal compensation and data protection mechanisms. The results of the study show that existing regulations, such as POJK No. 10 of 2022 and Regulation of the Minister of ATR/BPN No. 3 of 2023, are not fully effective in guaranteeing debtors' rights, so regulatory updates, increased digital literacy, and synergy between institutions are needed to ensure legal certainty and optimal protection for debtors in the online loan ecosystem based on land collateral.