Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 60/PUU-XXII/2024 terhadap Hak Politik dalam Perspektif Teori Kontrak Sosial

Abstract

Constitutional Court Decision No. 60/PUU-XXII/2024 changed the nomination mechanism for regional heads in Indonesia by canceling the nomination threshold provisions previously stipulated in Law No. 10 of 2016. The old provision required a political party or a coalition of political parties to win a minimum of 25% of the accumulated valid votes in the last general election to nominate a regional head pair. This requirement proved to limit the political participation of small parties that do not have seats in the Regional People’s Representative Council as well as independent candidates. With this new ruling, the Constitutional Court determined that the nomination requirement should be adjusted to the percentage of valid votes calculated based on the number of residents registered in the Permanent Voters List in each region, which better reflects political representation. This study aims to analyze the legal implications of the Constitutional Court’s decision No. 60/PUU-XXII/2024 on the political rights of regional communities. Through a legal research method using a statutory approach, conceptual approach and case approach, this research seeks to explain how the decision can expand political participation and improve representation in the regional head election process. In the context of social contract theory, this decision reflects a reinterpretation of the relationship between the state and citizens in terms of political participation. The state, through the Constitutional Court, demonstrates its commitment to protecting the political rights of its citizens by abolishing threshold provisions that are considered exclusionary. Thus, small parties and independent candidates have a greater opportunity to compete fairly, thereby expanding political representation and improving the quality of local democracy. These implications are expected to have a positive impact on Indonesia’s overall political dynamics.

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